Appendix 2 - Regular and irregular verbs Appendix 2
Regular and irregular verbs
1
Правильные
глаголы.
Past simple
и
past participle правильных
глаголов заканчиваются на
-ed.
Например:
infinitive
(основная
форма): |
clean
improve
paint
carry
|
past
simple/
past
participle: |
cleaned
improved
painted
carried
|
О past
simple
смотрите Unit 11
Мы используем причастие прошедшего
времени past
participle для создания perfect
tenses
(have/has/had cleaned) и всех форм
страдательного
залога(passive
forms).
Смотрите Unit
42,Unit 44:
- I
cleaned my room yesterday. (past simple)
- Your
English has improved.
(present perfect -
см.
Unit 13,Unit
21)
- The
house was dirty. We hadn't cleaned it for a long
time. (past perfect
-
- см.(Unit
22)
- This
door has just been painted.
(present perfect
passive)
- He was
carried out of the room. (past simple passive)
Когда past
simple
и
past participle
не заканчиваются на -ed, глагол является
неправильным.
2
Следующие глаголы могут быть правильными или
неправильными:
infinitive past simple /
past participle |
infinitive past simple /
past participle
|
burn
burnt или burned
dream
dreamt или dreamed
lean
leant или leaned
learn
learnt или
learned |
smell
smelt или smelled
spell
spelt или
spelled
spill
spilt или
spilled
spoil
spoilt или
spoiled |
Вы можете сказать:
- I
leant out of the
window. или I
leaned out of the
window.
- The
dinner has been spoilt.
или The dinner has
been spoiled.
В
British
English
неправильная форма
(burnt/learnt и т.д.) более
общепринятая.
3
Неправильные глаголы.
У некоторых неправильных
глаголов все три формы
(infinitive, past
simple и
past participle)
одинаковые. Например,
hit:
- Someone
hit me as I came
into the room. (past simple)
- I've
never hit anyone in my
life. (past
participle - present perfect)
- George
was hit on the head by a
stone. (past
participle - passive)
У некоторых неправильных глаголов форма
past
simple такая же,
как past participle
(но
отличается от infinitive).
Например, tell -
told:
- He
told me to come back
the next day. (past
simple)
- Have
you told anyone about
your new job?(past
participle - present perfect)
- I was
told to come back the
next day. (past
participle - passive)
Другие же неправильные глаголы имеют
все
три формы, отличающиеся друг
от друга.
Например, break - broke -
broken:
- He
broke his arm in a
climbing accident.
(past simple)
-
Somebody has broken the window.
(past participle -
present perfect)
- When
was the window broken?
(past participle -
passive)
4
Список неправильных
глаголов.
infinitive |
past
simple |
past
participle |
infinitive |
past
simple |
past
participle |
be
beat
become
begin
bend
bet
bite
blow
break
bring
build
burst
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forbid
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
leave
lend
let
lie
light |
was/were
beat
became
began
bent
bet
bit
blew
broke
brought
built
burst
bought
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forbade
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
left
lent
let
lay
lit |
been
beaten
become
begun
bent
bet
bitten
blown
broken
brought
built
burst
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
led
left
lent
let
lain
lit |
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
read[ri:d]
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shrink
shut
sing
sink
sit
sleep
speak
spend
split
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
stink
strike
swear
sweep
swim
swing
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write |
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read[red]
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slept
spoke
spent
split
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank
struck
swore
swept
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke
wore
won
wrote
|
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
read
[red]
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn/sewed
shaken
shone
shot
shown
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slept
spoken
spent
split
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
struck
sworn
swept
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
worn
won
written
|
Источник: http://www.egramar.com |